应用数据挖掘技术筛选的抗癌中药对三阴性乳腺癌细胞增殖、迁移的影响

【目的】基于数据挖掘技术筛选具有较明显抑制三阴性乳腺癌作用的中药。【方法】收集近15年关于乳腺癌中医治疗的有效文献,采用频次和聚类分析确定高频中药,制备其含药血清,采用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法和Transwell小室侵袭、迁移实验,分别观察各高频中药含药血清作用三阴性乳腺癌细胞(MDB-MB-231)12、24 h后细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力变化。【结果】筛选出的高频使用中药为川芎、蒲公英、白花蛇舌草、天花粉、牛膝。这5种中药的含药血清对MDB-MB-231细胞的增殖能力均具有不同程度的抑制作用,其中蒲公英、白花蛇舌草、牛膝对MDB-MB-231细胞迁移能力具有较强的抑制作用,蒲公英、川芎、白花蛇舌草对MDB-MB-231细胞侵袭能力具有明显抑制作用。【结论】运用数据挖掘技术得到的高频中药川芎、蒲公英、白花蛇舌草、天花粉、牛膝等具有明显的抑制三阴性乳腺癌作用。     

xk-split:基于k-medoids的分裂式聚类算法

近年来互联网数据规模呈爆炸式增长,如何对大数据进行分析已成为热门话题。然而,采集的数据很难直接用于分析,需要进行一定程度的预处理,以提高大数据质量。通过使用分裂式的迭代过程,可以逐步将数据集分裂为子集,避免了传统聚类算法聚类开始时需要确定集群数的限制,并降低了算法的时间复杂度。此外,通过基于阈值的噪声数据过滤,可以在迭代过程中剔除噪音数据,提升了聚类算法对脏数据的忍耐力。     

A Performance Assessment Method for Hospitals: The Case of Municipal Hospitals in Angola

Over 60% of the recurrent budget of the Ministry of Health (MoH) in Angola is spent on the operations of the fixed health care facilities (health centres plus hospitals). However, to date, no study has been attempted to investigate how efficiently those resources are used to produce health services. Therefore the objectives of this study were to assess the technical efficiency of public municipal hospitals in Angola; assess changes in productivity over time with a view to analyzing changes in efficiency and technology; and demonstrate how the results can be used in the pursuit of the public health objective of promoting efficiency in the use of health resources. The analysis was based on a 3-year panel data from all the 28 public municipal hospitals in Angola. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), a non-parametric linear programming approach, was employed to assess the technical and scale efficiency and productivity change over time using Malmquist index.The results show that on average, productivity of municipal hospitals in Angola increased by 4.5% over the period 2000–2002; that growth was due to improvements in efficiency rather than innovation.     

Patient-reported outcomes in head and neck and thyroid cancer randomised controlled trials: A systematic review of completeness of reporting and impact on interpretation

AimTo determine the completeness of reporting of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) of head and neck cancer (HNC) and thyroid cancer randomised-controlled trials (RCTs) and identify PRO measures used.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted for HNC and thyroid cancer RCTs with PRO end-points (January 2004–June 2015). Two investigators independently extracted data, assessed adherence to the International Society for Quality of Life Research (ISOQOL) PRO reporting standards and concordance between hypotheses and PRO measures used. Data were entered into the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurements Over Time in Oncology (PROMOTION) Registry.ResultsSixty-six RCTs were included, 56 (85%) HNC and 10 (15%) thyroid cancer. Twenty-two (33%) included a primary and 44 (67%) included a secondary PRO end-point. A total of 40 unique PRO measures were used. Adherence to the ISOQOL PRO reporting standards was higher for RCTs with primary PRO end-points than for secondary PRO end-points: (mean adherence of 43% and 29% respectively). Completeness of PRO reporting did not improve with time: r = .13, p = .31. ISOQOL checklist items poorly reported included: PRO hypothesis (reported for eight RCTs, 12%), justification chosen of PRO measures (n = 16, 24%), rates of missing PRO data (n = 19, 29%), and generalisability of results (n = 12, 18%). Encouragingly, PROs were identified in 55 RCT abstracts (83%) and PRO results interpreted for 30 RCTs (45%).ConclusionsReporting of PRO end-points was more comprehensive in RCTs with primary rather than secondary PRO end-points. Improvement is needed in the transparent reporting of PRO studies, particularly regarding data collection, analyses and generalisability of PRO results.     

基于数据挖掘方法的椎动脉型颈椎病用药规律研究

目的:运用中医传承辅助平台分析椎动脉型颈椎病中药处方的用药规律。方法:通过中国知网、重庆维普、万方数据库中收集2010年1月—2014年12月治疗椎动脉型颈椎病的中药处方,采用关联规则算法、复杂系统熵聚类等无监督数据挖掘方法,分析处方中各种药物的使用频次、性味归经、药物之间的关联规则及核心药物组合。结果:对筛选出的118个中药处方进行分析,确定其常用药物频次,发现常用药物关联规则共57个,核心组合30个。结论:椎动脉型颈椎病常用的药物以活血化瘀药、温经通络药和祛风止眩药为主,四气分布以温、平、凉为主,五味分布以甘、辛、苦为主,主要归于肝、脾、心经,使用频次较高的药味为川芎、葛根、当归、天麻、丹参等。     

基于数据挖掘及辨证论治探讨中药治疗肝病的用药特点

基于数据挖掘及辨证论治探讨国家药品标准中中药治疗肝病的用药特点。分析《中国药典》2015年版、《中国药典·临床用药须知》2010年版(中药卷)和中华人民共和国卫生部药品标准中治疗肝病的经典方剂,建立数据库;采用Excel统计分析软件进行频数分析,采用SAS 9.1统计分析软件作为数据挖掘平台,进行关联规则分析。共获得肝病治疗用中药复方114个,涉及药物246种;以使用频次≥10次的27种作为主要药物进行分析,归为补虚药、理气药、活血化瘀药、清热药、利水渗湿药、化湿药、解表药、泻下药、收涩药9大类;经关联规则分析,共获得两联药对18对,三联药对20对;结合病症分析了用药特点。结合数据挖掘和辨证论治有助于解读中药复方治疗肝病的用药规律和特点。     

数据挖掘含有化橘红的组方规律

目的:探讨含有化橘红的组方,从而分析化橘红的临床用药规律。方法:通过查阅中药部颁标准,筛选符合条件的含有中药化橘红的处方,利用中医传承辅助系统构建数据库,使用软件的统计报表、数据分析模块,采用关联规则等数据挖掘方法分析含有化橘红处方中单味药物频次、药物组合频次、关联规则与核心药物组合等。结果:对筛选出的45首含有化橘红的处方进行分析,确定处方中各种药物的用药频次,药物之间的关联规则,演化得到核心组合12个,候选新处方6个。结论:对中药部颁标准含有化橘红的处方进行数据分析,发现与化橘红关联较为密切的有甘草、茯苓、苦杏仁等,而且含有化橘红的处方当中化橘红的主要作用是止咳化痰、清热解毒等。     

中国部分地区妇幼卫生信息系统的现状分析

本文通过研究卫生 项目地区报表资料和现场调查 ,对项目地区妇幼卫生信息系统的建设及运作情况进行了分析 ,并对报表数据质量进行了评价。分析显示 :卫 项目推动了贫困地区信息系统建设 ,项目地区已建立起系统的妇幼卫生信息管理体系 ,但分析也反映出项目地区妇幼卫生常规报表的数据质量仍存在一定问题。分析结果提示 ,应进一步加强妇幼卫生信息系统建设 ,提高妇幼卫生统计信息专业队伍的业务水平。     

Screening for Osteopenia and Osteoporosis: Do the Accepted Normal Ranges Lead to Overdiagnosis?

Osteoporosis is a common disease which causes significant morbidity and mortality and in many cases may be preventable. In the absence of fragility fractures the accepted method of identifying those at high risk is based upon bone mineral density (BMD) measurements with defined cut-off points. To correctly delineate normal from abnormal, reliable reference ranges appropriate to the observed population are required. We have studied the age-dependent changes in mean BMD and standard deviation at the lumbar spine and femoral neck in a normal population extracted from 4280 women screened for osteopenia and compared our findings with the manufacturer's normal range (MNR). The recent World Health Organization criteria for the diagnosis of osteopenia and osteoporosis using the ‘manufacturer's young normal’ (MYN) values and our ‘study young normal’ (SYN) values have been applied. The study normal population (SNP) included 2068 women (mixes social class; mean age 53 years, range 30–79 years). The distribution of mean lumbar spine BMD with age in SNP was generally similar to the MNR. In contrast mean femoral neck bone density from SNP was significantly different from the MNR, ranging from 3% to 12% lower in each 5-year group analysed (p < 0.05). Comparison of standard deviations in spine BMD in SNP against the fixed MNR standard deviation showed a statistically significant increase commencing at 45 years of age. The magnitude of this increase appeared to rise with age and remained significant in the 75-to-79-year group (p < 0.05). In contrast, standard deviation in femoral neck BMD in SNP appeared relatively constant with age except in the group of women at and around the time of the menopause. The SYN value for mean lumbar spine BMD was 0.994 g/cm² (cf. MYN value 1.047, p < 0.0001) with a standard deviation of 0.122 g/cm² (cf. MYN 0.11, p = 0.0005). Similarly our SYN value for femoral neck BMD was 0.787 (cf. MYN value 0.895, p < 0.0001) with a standard deviation of 0.109 (cf. MYN value 0.10, p = 0.0027). Using SYN values 36% (748) for the spine and 33% for the hip of our normal population are classified as osteopenic or osteoporotic. Using MYN values increases the proportion of women classified as osteopenic or osteoporotic to 52% (1078) for the spine and 68% (1409) for the femur. If both sites of measurement are considered simultaneously SYN classifies 46% (952) as either osteopenic or osteoporotic at one or other site, which is increased to 73% (1513) when the MYN values are used. We observe that manufacturer's reference ranges may not be appropriate for the local population and may lead to an erroneously high diagnosis of osteopenia and osteoporosis, which would lead to unnecessary patient anxiety and perhaps errors regarding treatment.     

A unique, versatile, real-time software package for controlling a Nicolet 1074 averager from a laboratory minicomputer

The use and operation of a newly-developed real-time software interface between a Nicolet 1074 digital signal averager and PDP-11/34A minicomputer is described. The system was developed for rapid, iterative, simultaneous measurements and correlations between electrical membrane properties of living cells and optically measured intracellular chemical changes. When such hard-wired averagers are interactively interfaced to minicomputers, the combination presents an overwhelmingly powerful experimental tool and enables data manipulations not performable by the hard-wired signal averager alone. Both the necessary hardware modifications to the standard Nicolet C-11 interface, major controlling assembly language software programs, and the versatility and adaptability of the system to a wide variety of laboratory applications are described.